C-13 — Radioactivity and Electronics

The radius of the nucleus is approximately how many times smaller than the radius of the atom?

The mass of an electron is how many times less than that of a proton or a neutron?

Why can a nucleus not be formed only with protons?

What keeps the protons and neutrons together inside a stable nucleus?

Beyond which proton number does a nucleus generally start becoming unstable?

For which two elements is no stable isotope found?

What are atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons called?

Which isotope of carbon is unstable (radioactive)?

How many neutrons are there in the nucleus of $C_{14}$?

In which year did Henry Becquerel discover radioactivity for the first time?

From which element was radioactivity first discovered?

Radioactivity is accepted as a nuclear phenomenon because it is not affected by —

Which of the following are the three main radioactive rays?

An alpha particle is essentially —

An alpha particle contains —

What kind of charge does an alpha particle carry?

The path of motion of an alpha particle in air is —

Approximately how far can an alpha particle travel through air before stopping?

An alpha particle can be stopped by —

An alpha particle creates phosphorescence on —

The energy of an emitted alpha particle from a nucleus is of the order of —

When a nucleus emits an alpha particle, its atomic number —

When a nucleus emits an alpha particle, its nucleon (mass) number —

In the reaction $^{238}_{92}U \to ^{234}_{90}Th + X$, what is X?

Consider the following statements about alpha particles:

A beta particle is actually —

Inside the nucleus during beta-minus emission, a neutron is converted into —

Which particle is emitted along with an electron during beta-minus radiation?

A normal beta particle can be stopped by —

Compared to alpha particles, beta particles have —

When a nucleus undergoes beta-minus emission, its atomic number —

When a nucleus undergoes beta emission, its nucleon number —

In the reaction $C_{14} \to N_{14} + X + \bar{\nu}$, what is X?

In positron (beta-plus) emission inside the nucleus, a proton is converted into —

Why can a proton not be converted into a neutron outside the nucleus?

Why are neutrinos not considered radioactive rays?

Energy of an emitted beta particle is not fixed because —

A gamma ray is essentially —

The charge of a gamma ray is —

The velocity of gamma rays is —

To stop gamma rays of energy comparable to alpha and beta particles, we need —

When does a nucleus emit a gamma ray?

Due to gamma emission from a nucleus —

Why is a gamma ray not deflected by electric or magnetic fields?

Half life is defined as the time in which —

The greater the radioactivity of an element —

The half life of a stable nucleus having no radioactivity is considered to be —

The half life of a radioactive element of 1 kg is 100 years. What approximate mass of the element remains after 200 years?

If the half life of a radioactive element is 100 years, what fraction of nuclei have disintegrated in 200 years?

Physics can only predict which of the following about the emission of a particular radioactive nucleus?

For diagnostic use inside the body, the radioactive samples used generally have —

Which radioactive isotope is used to determine the age of ancient fossils?

Radioactivity is used in the treatment of —

In carbon dating of ancient fossils, what stops entering the body after the animal dies?

Consider the following uses of radioactivity:

Marie Curie died due to —

Which of the following effects can radioactivity have on the human body?

The most devastating event caused by radioactivity in history is associated with —

Radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants can remain radioactive for —

The gradual development of electronics can be divided into how many main parts?

Which of the following correctly lists the three stages of development of electronics?

In which year did Edison observe the flow of current through a vacuum from filament to a metal plate?

The flow of current through a vacuum from the filament to the plate is known as —

Who first created a two-electrode vacuum tube in 1904?

The first vacuum tube created by Fleming worked as a —

A rectifier converts —

Who is acknowledged in recent times for the contribution to the invention of radio along with Marconi?

The triode vacuum tube was invented in 1906 by —

A triode vacuum tube was mainly used as a/an —

In which year was the first computer ENIAC invented?

How many vacuum tubes were used in the first computer ENIAC?

In which year was the transistor first invented?

Where was the transistor first invented?

Who among the following received the Nobel Prize for inventing the transistor?

Consider the following advantages of a transistor over a vacuum tube:

Discussion about the integrated circuit was started in —

The thin plate on which many transistors were made during integrated circuit fabrication is called a —

Which of the following components can be made on a wafer during integrated circuit fabrication?

The abbreviation VLSI stands for —

The abbreviation LSI stands for —

Consider the modern equipment listed below:

FPGA stands for —

Future electronics circuits may use which of the following for information-communicative integrated circuits?

Continuously changing data converted into electrical signals are called —

The number system used in digital electronics is —

The digits used in a binary number system are —

In digital electronics, voltage is represented as —

Which type of signal is less affected by noise?

The greatest contribution of electronics is —

Inside a computer, all data is processed by —

Which of the following is the most commonly used semiconductor?

How many electrons does silicon have in its outermost shell?

In a silicon crystal, each atom shares electrons with how many neighboring atoms?

After bonding in a silicon crystal, the number of electrons in the outermost shell of each silicon atom effectively becomes —

When phosphorus is added as an impurity to silicon, the resulting semiconductor is called —

How many electrons does phosphorus have in its outermost shell?

The free charge carriers in an n-type semiconductor are mainly —

In an n-type semiconductor, after donating its extra electron, the phosphorus atom becomes a —

When boron is added as an impurity to silicon, the resulting semiconductor is called —

How many electrons does boron have in its outermost shell?

The main charge carriers in a p-type semiconductor are —

The charge of a hole in a p-type semiconductor is —

In a p-type semiconductor, the boron atom behaves as a —

When the temperature of a semiconductor increases, the number of free electrons —

When the temperature of a semiconductor increases, its electrical resistance —

An impurity atom with how many valence electrons is added to make an n-type semiconductor?

Which of the following pairs correctly matches impurity with semiconductor type?

What do you mean by an alpha particle emitting from a radioactive element?

What is a beta ray emitted due to the radioactive decay?

What is a silicon chip called if millions of circuits are added to it?

Integrated Circuit—

Tanmoy stored a 1 kg sample of a radioactive element, and after 900 years its radioactive mass was found to be 250 g. What is the half-life of the element?

Tanmoy observed a particle emitted from a radioactive element with the same mass as an electron and a negative charge. Which ray is it?

Tanmoy detected another ray that travels at the speed of light and is not affected by magnetic fields. Which ray is it?

Consider the following comparisons between the beta and gamma rays from Tanmoy's experiment:

A binary number is a number expressed using —

Which of the following best explains why using a transistor is more advantageous than a vacuum tube?

Which of the following best describes radioactivity?

Which of the following is a key difference between alpha and beta particles?

Consider the following statements about alpha and beta particles:

What happens to the resistance of a semiconductor when the temperature increases?

Why does the resistance of a semiconductor decrease with the increase of temperature?

Which of the following best defines the half-life of a radioactive element?