C-04 — Internal and External Structure of the Earth

At the very beginning of its history, the Earth was a—

During Earth's solidification, heavy metals concentrated at the—

The different concentric layers of the Earth formed during cooling are called—

The uppermost sphere of the Earth is known as—

The upper part of the lithosphere is known as—

The hard stratum of rock covering the outer shell of the whole Earth is called—

The average thickness of the Earth's crust is about—

The layer below the Earth's crust, about 35 km thick on average, is known as—

SIAL is composed mainly of—

The crust beneath the ocean is composed mainly of—

The major elements of the SIMA layer are—

Beneath the Earth's crust the temperature rises by how many °C for each kilometre towards the centre?

The stratum beneath the Earth's crust which is about 2,885 km thick is called—

Barysphere mainly consists of—

The Upper Barysphere is extended up to a depth of—

The Upper Barysphere is mainly composed of silicate minerals enriched with—

The Lower Barysphere mainly consists of—

The thickness of the Centrosphere is approximately—

The Centrosphere has a liquid outer cover of thickness about—

The hard inner part of the Centrosphere is about how many km thick?

The two major elements of the Centrosphere are—

Which of the following is NOT believed to exist as a major element of the Centrosphere?

Information about the liquid and solid layers of the Centrosphere comes from—

Earth's crust is formed with—

Minerals are natural inorganic elements which have—

Which of the following is a mineral formed of only ONE basic element?

Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is also known as the mineral—

Consider the following statements about minerals and rocks:

Which of the following is true about minerals?

The nature of rocks is regulated by—

According to formation, rocks are classified into how many major parts?

Rocks which became solidified from a liquefied state are called—

Igneous rocks are also called—

Igneous rocks are also known as Unstratified Rocks because—

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of igneous rocks?

The hot liquid material inside the Earth is called—

When magma reaches the Earth's surface through cracks, it is called—

Which of the following is an example of EXTRUSIVE igneous rock?

The granules of extrusive igneous rocks are—

When hot magma solidifies underground without reaching the surface, it forms—

Which of the following is an example of INTRUSIVE igneous rock?

Granules of intrusive igneous rocks are—

Which of the following is NOT an example of intrusive igneous rock?

Sedimentary rocks are formed due to—

Sedimentary rocks cover approximately what percentage of the total Earth's crust?

About 75% of the continental land mass is covered by—

Sedimentary rocks are also called Stratified or Layered Rocks because—

Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary rock?

Coal and mineral oil are called Organic Rocks because they originated from—

Which of the following is a characteristic of sedimentary rocks?

Metamorphic rocks are formed deep in the Earth due to—

Marble is formed when heat and pressure are applied to—

Which of the following is an example of metamorphic rock?

Consider the following characteristics of metamorphic rocks:

Which of the following rocks rarely contains fossils?

The landforming processes work with the help of natural forces such as—

Slow changes of the Earth's surface are caused mainly by two processes—

Gradual change of the Earth's surface occurs due to—

Rapid change of the Earth's surface mainly occurs due to—

Diastrophism (slow and sudden change) includes—

An earthquake is a—

The main cause of earthquakes is—

Which of the following is a MINOR cause of earthquakes?

When the Earth's crust radiates heat and contracts, it creates—

Subsurface steam causes earthquakes by—

Due to which earthquake did the Brahmaputra River change its course to flow through the Jamuna channel?

Consider the following effects of earthquakes:

Most damage from earthquakes results from—

Earthquakes can indirectly cause which of the following?

The word "Tsunami" is a Japanese term that means—

Tsunamis are giant waves caused by—

The wavelength of a tsunami from crest to crest measures between—

Tsunamis travel through the ocean at a speed of more than—

Most tsunamis are caused by—

For a submarine earthquake to generate a tsunami, the movement on the fault must have a—

The under-sea earthquake that caused one of the biggest natural disasters in modern history occurred in the Indian Ocean on—

Approximately how many people are known to have lost their lives in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami?

When a tsunami has multiple waves travelling a few minutes apart, this series is known as—

A volcano is an opening in the crust of the Earth through which—

Magma erupting from a volcano is called—

Volcanoes are usually found at places where tectonic plates—

Volcanic eruption can occur because—

When the pressure of the Earth's crust reduces, underground rocks turn into—

On the basis of eruption, volcanoes are classified into how many types?

Volcanoes which are erupting or have erupted recently are called—

Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea of Hawaii are examples of—

A volcano that shows no signs of activity but can be active again is called—

Fujiyama of Japan is an example of—

Volcanoes whose activities have completely stopped are called—

Kohisultan of Iran is an example of—

On the basis of shape and size, volcanoes are classified into how many types?

Dome-shaped mountains with broad bases and gentle slopes are known as—

Mauna Loa of Hawaii island is an example of—

A volcano formed as layers or strata of ash and lava is called—

The average size of a cinder cone volcano is approximately—

Paracuting of Mexico is an example of—

The black soil plateau of South India is formed from—

Hawaii archipelago in the Pacific Ocean is an example of—

In 1883, a deep trench developed due to volcanic eruption between—

Mount Adakama of Alaska and Kosegaina of Nicaragua are examples of—

Vesuvius of Italy is a—

In 1879 AD, the eruption from Vesuvius mountain destroyed which two cities of Italy?

Layer of lava is good for producing which crop because it produces fertile black soil?

The natural processes through which the Earth's surface is changing slowly are—

Weathering is the process of—

When rock particles are moved by air, water or ice, the process is called—

The movement of solid particles due to the combined force of gravity and flowing agents is called—

Denudation is the long-term process of—

The geological process by which material is added to a landform is called—

The erosional work of the wind is most prominent in—

Rocks become prone to wind erosion in deserts because—

In mountainous areas, when rainfall enters cracks of the clayey layer and erodes the hard rock, the rock becomes unstable and eventually falls down as—

The agent of slow change of landform in cold regions is mainly—

In the mountainous stage, the work of the river is mainly—

Which of the following is NOT a chemical agent of weathering in the air?

The origin of a river is called—

The place where a river reaches the ocean or lake is called—

The extended area along the mouth of the river is called—

Land between two active rivers is known as—

The place where two or more rivers meet is known as—

A stream or river that flows into a main stream or a lake is called a—

A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel, common in deltas, is called a—

The river bottom through which a river flows is called the—

The vast regions through which water flows from origin to ocean are called—

The life cycle of a river is divided into how many stages?

The youthful stage of a river corresponds to its—

In the upper course of a river, the main work is—

When a river enters the plains, it is called the—

In the mature stage of a river—

Most lands of Bangladesh are—

In the lower course of a river, alluvium deposited at the river mouth forms—

Consider the following about the lower course of a river:

The 'V'-shaped valley is formed in which course of the river?

A narrow valley with steep rocky walls located between hills or mountains is called a—

The Indus river gorge is one of the deepest in the world, with a depth of about—

A canyon is a steep-sided valley where—

The Grand Canyon is located in—

The approximate length of the Grand Canyon is—

The approximate depth of the Grand Canyon is—

Waterfalls are found mainly in—

A waterfall forms when—

Niagara Falls is located in—

A fan- or cone-shaped deposit of gravel, sand and smaller materials at the base of a mountain is called—

The piedmont alluvial plains of Bangladesh are formed along the adjacent areas of which rivers?

The piedmont alluvial plains of Bangladesh are located in—

A flat area with higher elevation on both sides, usually fertile and used for agriculture, is called—

Why are flood plains usually very fertile?

A delta is formed at the—

The fine alluvial material deposited beyond the river mouth is called—

The term "delta" comes from a Greek letter shaped like a—

For a delta to form, the flow of the river must be—

The three major types of landforms on the Earth are—

Mountains are characterized by a height of more than—

The world's tallest mountains, the Himalayas, are located in—

The largest range of mountains is present in the—

Mount Kilimanjaro, an isolated mountain not part of a range, is located in—

The outermost layer of the Earth (Earth's crust) is composed of how many tectonic plates?

There are how many major types of mountains based on geological process?

The most common type of mountains are—

Fold mountains are formed due to—

In fold mountains, the fold that descends on both sides is called—

The fold that ascends from a common low point on both sides is called—

Which of the following is NOT an example of a fold mountain?

Volcanic mountains are also called—

Which of the following is an example of a volcanic mountain?

Consider the following mountains:

A crack in the Earth's surface caused by tectonic movement that leads to displacement is called—

Fault-block mountains are of how many types?

In a tilted fault-block mountain—

Which of the following is an example of a fault-block mountain?

The Black Forest of Germany is an example of—

Dome mountains (Laccolith mountains) are formed when—

A characteristic feature of dome mountains is that they—

Black Hills Mountain of Dakota and Henry Mountain of Utah are examples of—

Plateaus are lower than mountains but higher than plains, with—

The height of the highest plateaus of the world varies from—

On the basis of location, plateaus are classified into how many categories?

A plateau surrounded by mountains is called—

The Tibetan plateau is an example of—

In the Tibetan plateau, the Kunlun mountain lies in the—

Consider the following plateaus:

When high mountains are eroded and sediments are deposited at the foothills forming a plateau, it is called—

Colorado in North America and Patagonia in South America are examples of—

An extensive highland surrounded by sea and lowlands, with no link to mountains, is called—

Which of the following is an example of a continental plateau?

Extended lands with gentle slope, a bit higher than sea level, are called—

On the basis of origin, plains are classified into—

The Barind and the Madhupur Tract of Bangladesh are examples of—

Flood plain, delta and glacial plain are examples of—

The plains at the foothills of the Appalachian mountains and the plains of Finland and Siberia are—

From what is graphite produced?

In a downstream river:

In which region of Bangladesh is the landform of Figure 1 (delta-type landform) found?

The landforms of both Figure 1 and Figure 2 are formed—

In the context of tsunami, a "wave-train" refers to—

"Primary rock" refers to—

Which of the following is a key difference between rocks and minerals?

Vesuvius in Italy is called an igneous mountain because—

Alluvial cones and alluvial fans are formed by—

While walking in Italy, Bidhan and Himel saw a place with steep slopes and cone-shaped land. The landform they observed is most likely a—

Bidhan's home in Bandarban, Bangladesh, is situated in a region characterized by—

Himel's home in Khulna, Bangladesh, is situated in a region characterized by—

A 'V'-shaped valley forms in the upper course of a river because—

Landslides in mountainous areas mainly occur because—