C-08 — Excretory System

What is excretion?

The system through which nitrogenous waste products are excreted from the body is called—

Which is the main excretory organ of the human body?

What is the basic unit of the kidney?

Approximately what percentage of normal urine is water?

Which of the following is NOT a normal component of urine?

The light yellow colour of urine is due to which pigment?

Excessive intake of which kind of food increases the acidity of urine?

Intake of fruits and vegetables generally makes urine—

Through which organ is carbon dioxide expelled from the body?

Where are the kidneys located?

The colour and shape of the kidney is—

The outer side of the kidney is—

The crease or plait on the concave side of the kidney is called—

Which structure enters the kidney through the hilum?

Where does the ureter open?

The funnel-shaped extended part of the ureter inside the kidney is called—

The fibrous membrane that encloses the kidney is called—

The outer region of the kidney adjacent to the renal capsule is the—

The inner region of the kidney is called the—

How many renal pyramids are generally present in the medulla?

The expanded apex of each renal pyramid is called—

The renal papilla projects directly into the—

Each uriniferous tubule consists of—

Where is urine actually produced?

The collecting tubules carry urine to the—

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the—

Approximately how many nephrons are there in each human kidney?

Each nephron is composed of—

The renal corpuscle is also known as the—

Each renal corpuscle is divided into—

The shape of Bowman's capsule is—

Bowman's capsule is composed of—

Bowman's capsule encloses—

The small cluster of blood vessels inside the Bowman's capsule is called the—

The afferent arteriole entering the Bowman's capsule breaks into about how many capillaries?

The capillaries unite together and form which structure to leave the Bowman's capsule?

Which part of the nephron acts as a filter?

The liquid filtrate produced by the glomerulus is called—

The renal tubule is divided into how many regions?

Which of the following is NOT a region of the renal tubule?

A normal adult man expels approximately how much urine daily?

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste in urine?

From the urinary bladder, urine passes out of the body through the—

Balance of which mineral salt is maintained by the kidney?

In addition to excretion, the kidney also—

Which is the correct path of urine?

Consider the following functions of the kidney:

The minimum pressure that must be applied on the side of a solution to stop osmosis is called—

The process by which the amount and concentration of water and salt in the body are kept balanced is called—

Nephrons of the kidney maintain water equilibrium through—

Which is a symptom of failure in osmoregulation due to kidney failure?

Filtration of excretory fluids, water and other substances takes place in the—

What is a kidney stone?

Who has a higher possibility of kidney stone formation?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of kidney stones?

Which is a symptom that appears when a kidney stone descends into the ureter?

Which modern method is used to remove kidney stones?

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of kidney disease?

Initially, the formation of kidney stones causes—

Consider the following symptoms of kidney disease:

Which of the following is NOT a cause of gradual kidney failure?

Which is a cause of sudden kidney failure?

Which is a symptom of kidney failure?

Consider the following causes of sudden kidney failure:

What is dialysis?

The wall of the dialysis tube is—

In dialysis, the two ends of the dialysis tube are connected to—

The dialysis tube is submerged in a liquid similar to—

What is kidney transplantation?

From which sources can a kidney be obtained for transplantation?

How many kidneys are sufficient for the survival of a person?

The probability of kidney tissue matching is highest with—

Before kidney transplantation, what is essential?

Who among the following is considered a close relative for kidney donation?

Insufficient water intake and an unhealthy life may cause—

According to modern research, intake of water varies with—

Saline should be taken—

To replace fluid lost from simple sweating, what is sufficient?

Which childhood condition might be the reason for kidney disease?

Which conditions should be kept under control to keep the kidney healthy?

Consider the following measures to keep the kidneys healthy:

Where is urea produced?

The risk of kidney stone formation is reduced by—

The figure (of a nephron) represents the structural unit of which organ?

The part labelled A (glomerulus) in the figure—

Sumon has swelling, pain in the lower back and burning sensation during urination, and his urine-producing organ has failed. His condition indicates—

The treatment in which waste is removed from the blood using a special process (without replacing the organ) is—

What is the functional difference between dialysis and kidney transplantation?

Why is drinking excess water not advisable?

How do the kidneys maintain water balance in the body?

The role of the glomerulus in filtering nitrogenous waste is to—